Evidence Summary
What is an Evidence Summary?
Key messages from scientific research that's ready to be acted on
Got It, Hide thisWalking reduces some risk factors for heart disease in previously inactive adults
Murtagh EM, Nichols L, Mohammed MA, et al. The effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials. Prev Med. 2015;72C:34-43.
Review question
In previously inactive adults, does walking reduce risk factors for heart disease?
Background
Physical inactivity increases the risk of many illnesses including heart disease and high blood pressure. Walking is a relatively simple way to increase activity levels, particularly in people who may be sedentary, obese, and at high risk of heart disease. By walking, then, inactive adults may be able to reduce their risk of heart disease.
How the review was done
The researchers did a systematic review based on studies available up to June 2012.
They found 31 randomized controlled trials with 1,487 people (30 to 83 years of age).
Key features of the studies were:
- people walked 20 to 60 minutes/day, 2 to 7 days/week, for 8 to 52 weeks;
- walking intensity varied from light to vigorous, and could be self-paced; and
- walking was compared with no exercise.
What the researchers found
Compared with no exercise, walking reduced:
- body fat;
- blood pressure;
- body mass index (BMI); and
- body weight.
Compared with no exercise, walking did not affect total cholesterol levels.
Conclusion
In previously inactive adults, walking reduces some risk factors for heart disease.
Walking vs no exercise in inactive people
| Outcomes | Number of trials (number of people) | Average difference at follow-up |
| Body fat | 14 (719) | 3.5% less with walking |
| Systolic blood pressure | 16 (816) | 2.9% lower with walking |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 16 (806) | 2.0% lower with walking |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 23 (1,201) | 2.0% lower with walking |
| Body weight | 25 (1,275) | 1.8% less with walking |
| Total cholesterol level | 16 (758) | No difference with walking |
Related Topics
Glossary
The lower number in a blood pressure reading. It is the pressure when the heart rests between beats.
Studies where people are assigned to one of the treatments purely by chance.
Aspects making a condition more likely.
A comprehensive evaluation of the available research evidence on a particular topic.
The higher number in a blood pressure reading. It is the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats.
Related Evidence Summaries
-
Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension
Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2021) -
In adults with pre-hypertension to established hypertension, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) may be the most effective non-drug strategy for reducing blood pressure
Journal of the American Heart Association (2020) -
Aspirin for healthy older adults did not reduce heart attack, stroke, or dementia but increased risk of bleeding
N Engl J Med (2018)
Related Web Resources
-
Patient education: Quitting smoking (Beyond the Basics)
UpToDate - patient informationThere are many strategies available to help you quit smoking. Start by picking a quit date. Consider speaking with a health care provider for advice, seeking in-person or telephone support, making behavioural changes, and using different medications such as varenicline, bupropion, or nicotine replacement therapy. -
Worried about dementia? Here are 5 ways to cut your risk
HealthLineDementia affects millions of people around the world, and there is no current treatment. There are a few ways to lower your risk. Eat a well-balanced diet, exercise, stay social, and limit alcohol and smoking. -
Heartburn and GERD
Informed Health OnlineRegular acid reflux may mean you have gastro-esophageal reflux disease, also known as GERD. Treatment for GERD includes lifestyle changes, medication or surgery.
Register for free access to all Professional content
RegisterOur Content
About
Support for the Portal is largely provided by the Labarge Optimal Aging Initiative. AGE-WELL is a contributing partner. Help us to continue to provide direct and easy access to evidence-based information on health and social conditions to help you stay healthy, active and engaged as you grow older. .
